Invisible Ink — TJCTF 2026

Description

Check out this cool PDF I found... I wonder if there's anything hidden inside!

A 638KB PDF file (chall.pdf) is provided. The goal is to find a hidden flag. The file is suspiciously large for a 2-page text-only document, hinting at embedded data.

Analysis

Stage 1: PDF Reconnaissance

The PDF has 2 pages, created with "Skia/PDF m149 Google Docs Renderer". Key observations:

• File size: 638KB — far too large for a text-only PDF (actual PDF structure is only ~31KB)
• No embedded images: pdfimages -list returns nothing
• No attachments: pdfdetach -list shows 0 embedded files
• Hidden text: pdftotext extracts text not visible in the PDF viewer, including a poem about CTFs and crucially a password

pdftotext chall.pdf -

The extracted text includes:

• A decoy message: "There's nothing here lol why are you looking"
• A poem about CTF challenges
• A password string: DBf8nEBgwRhZ

Stage 2: Polyglot Detection — ZIP After PDF EOF

The PDF structure ends at ~31KB with the %%EOF marker, but the file continues for another ~607KB. Examining the trailing bytes reveals a PK (ZIP) magic header immediately after EOF:

with open('chall.pdf', 'rb') as f:
    data = f.read()

# Find the last %%EOF marker
eof_pos = data.rfind(b'%%EOF')
trailing = data[eof_pos + 6:]  # skip %%EOF\n

# Write the trailing ZIP data
with open('hidden.zip', 'wb') as f:
    f.write(trailing)

The carved ZIP archive is 606KB and contains a single password-protected file: original_distorted.png.

Stage 3: ZIP Extraction

Using the password discovered in the PDF hidden text:

unzip -P "DBf8nEBgwRhZ" hidden.zip

This extracts original_distorted.png — a 1920×1080 RGB PNG image.

Stage 4: Image Analysis

The PNG shows red handwritten text on a white background that has been distorted with a swirl effect (rotation that varies with distance from center). Pixel analysis reveals:

• Red channel: only 36 unique values (220–255) — the text is painted in shades of red
• Green and Blue channels: all 256 values present — standard white background
• Some text is partially readable at the edges: "tjctf{..." and fragments

Solution

The swirl distortion was applied using ImageMagick's -swirl option. To reverse it, apply the same operation with a negative angle. Testing various angles:

convert original_distorted.png -swirl -240 unswirled.png

At -240 degrees, the text becomes clearly readable across three lines:

• Line 1: tjctf{p0lygl0t_
• Line 2: REDACTED
• Line 3: c00l}

Full Solve Script

#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""Solve script for Invisible Ink - TJCTF 2026"""
import subprocess

# Step 1: Extract hidden text from PDF to find password
result = subprocess.run(['pdftotext', 'chall.pdf', '-'], capture_output=True, text=True)
# Password found in output: DBf8nEBgwRhZ

# Step 2: Carve ZIP from PDF trailing data
with open('chall.pdf', 'rb') as f:
    data = f.read()

eof_pos = data.rfind(b'%%EOF')
trailing = data[eof_pos + 6:]

with open('hidden.zip', 'wb') as f:
    f.write(trailing)

# Step 3: Extract password-protected ZIP
subprocess.run(['unzip', '-o', '-P', 'DBf8nEBgwRhZ', 'hidden.zip'])

# Step 4: Reverse swirl distortion
subprocess.run(['convert', 'original_distorted.png', '-swirl', '-240', 'unswirled.png'])

print("Flag visible in unswirled.png: tjctf{REDACTED}")